For many people, gum disease—or periodontal disease—may seem like a problem limited to the mouth. Bleeding gums, bad breath, and loose teeth are often dismissed as minor or cosmetic issues. However, mounting scientific evidence suggests that the health of your gums is closely tied to the health of your brain, including your risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
In this issue, we will discuss the important relationship between your oral health and your brain.
The link between gum disease and Alzheimer’s diseaseAlzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disorder that robs people of memory, thinking skills, and independence. Researchers have found that bacteria associated with gum disease, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis, can enter the bloodstream and travel to the brain. Once there, these bacteria and their toxins may trigger chronic inflammation and even contribute to the formation of amyloid plaques—one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease.
While gum disease alone does not cause Alzheimer’s, studies show that individuals with long-standing periodontal disease are more likely to experience cognitive decline. The chronic inflammation that begins in the gums can act like a spark, fueling systemic inflammation throughout the body, including the brain.
Beyond Alzheimer’s: other brain disorders
The effects of gum disease are not limited to memory loss. Periodontal disease has been linked to a higher risk of stroke, vascular dementia, and even Parkinson’s disease. Inflammation and infection in the gums can narrow or damage blood vessels, disrupt blood flow to the brain, and weaken the body’s defense systems. This means untreated gum disease may increase vulnerability to a variety of brain-related illnesses.
Why early detection and treatment matterThe good news is that gum disease is both preventable and treatable. In its earliest stage—gingivitis—symptoms may include red, swollen, or bleeding gums. With professional cleaning and improved daily care, gingivitis can be reversed. If left untreated, however, it can progress to periodontitis, where the supporting bone and tissues are destroyed, leading to tooth loss and systemic health risks.
Treating periodontal disease early not only saves teeth—it may also protect the brain. By reducing bacterial load and inflammation in the mouth, dentists and periodontists can lower the risks associated with chronic disease.
Practical steps for protecting oral and brain health1. Brush twice daily and floss daily to remove plaque.
2. Schedule regular dental checkups for early detection and professional cleanings.
3. Avoid tobacco use, which accelerates gum damage.
4. Manage chronic conditions such as diabetes, which increase susceptibility to gum disease.
5. Seek treatment early if you notice bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, or loose teeth.
Oral health is more than a bright smile—it is a gateway to whole-body wellness. The emerging science connecting gum disease to Alzheimer’s and other brain disorders underscores the importance of taking your dental health seriously. By prioritizing early treatment and preventive care, you not only safeguard your teeth but also protect the very organ that defines who you are: your brain.
• Dr. Kendal V. O. Major is the founder and CEO of Center for Specialized Dentistry, which is a comprehensive family dental practice operating in Nassau. He is the first Bahamian specialist in gum diseases and dental implants since 1989. He also is a certified Fastbraces provider. His practice is located at 89 Collins Avenue, Nassau at (242)325-5165 or kmajorcsd@gmail.com.
